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Arthur Ashe Biography |
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{, 1943 – February 6, 1993) was a prominent African American tennis player who was born and raised in Richmond, Virginia, Virginia. During his playing career, he won three Grand Slam titles. Ashe is also remembered for his efforts to further social causes. /b> In his youth, Ashe was small and not well-coordinated. But by the time he entered high school, he starred in tennis, basketball, and football. In tennis, he won the state championship, while in football, he helped lead his team to the city championship as a speedy wide receiver. Ashe began to attract the attention of tennis fans after being awarded a tennis scholarship at UCLA in 1963. That same year, Ashe was the first African American ever selected to the US Davis Cup team. In 1965, Ashe won the individual National Collegiate Athletic Association championship. He was also a chief contributor in UCLA's winning the team NCAA championship in the same year. While at UCLA, Ashe was initiated as a member of the Upsilon chapter of Kappa Alpha Psi Fraternity. With this successful college career behind him, Ashe quickly ascended to the upper echelon of tennis players worldwide after turning professional in 1969. By 1969, most people considered Ashe to be the best American male tennis player. He had won the inaugural U.S. Open (tennis) in 1968, and had aided the US Davis Cup team to victory that same year. Concerned that tennis pros were not receiving winnings commensurate with the sport's growing popularity, Ashe was one of the key figures behind the formation of the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP). That year would prove even more momentous for Ashe, when he was denied a visa by the South African government, thereby keeping him out of the South African Open (tennis). Ashe chose to use this denial to publicize South Africa's apartheid policies. In the media, Ashe called for South Africa to be expelled from the professional tennis circuit. In 1970, he added a second Grand Slam (tennis) title to his resume by winning the Australian Open. In 1975, after several years of lower levels of success, Ashe played his best season ever by winning The Championships, Wimbledon, unexpectedly defeating Jimmy Connors in the final. He remains the only African American player ever to win the men's singles at Wimbledon, the US Open, or Australian Open, and one of only two men of Black people Africa ancestry to win a Grand Slam singles event (the other being France's Yannick Noah, who won the French Open in 1983). He would play for several more years, but after being slowed by Cardiac surgery in 1979, Ashe retired in 1980. In his 1979 autobiography, Jack Kramer (tennis player), the long-time tennis promoter and great player himself, ranks Ashe as one of the 21 best players of all time. Kramer considered the best ever to have been either Don Budge (for consistent play) or Ellsworth Vines (at the height of his game). The next four best were, chronologically, Bill Tilden, Fred Perry, Bobby Riggs, and Pancho Gonzales. After these six came the "second echelon" of Rod Laver, Lew Hoad, Ken Rosewall, Gottfried von Cramm, Ted Schroeder, Jack Crawford (tennis player), Pancho Segura, Frank Sedgman, Tony Trabert, John Newcombe, Arthur Ashe, Stan Smith, Björn Borg, and Jimmy Connors. He felt unable to rank Henri Cochet and René Lacoste accurately but felt they were among the very best. After his retirement, Ashe took on many new tasks, from writing for Time magazine magazine to commentating for ABC Sports, from founding the National Junior Tennis League to serving as captain of the US Davis Cup team. In 1983, Ashe underwent a second heart surgery. To no one's surprise, he was elected to the Tennis Hall of Fame in 1985. The story of Ashe's life turned from success to tragedy in 1988, however, when Ashe discovered he had contracted HIV during the blood transfusions he had received during one of his two heart surgeries. He and his wife kept his illness private until April 8, 1992, when reports that the newspaper USA Today was about to publish a story about his condition forced him to make a public announcement that he had the disease. In the last year of his life, Arthur Ashe did much to call attention to AIDS sufferers worldwide. Two months before his death, he founded the Arthur Ashe Institute for Urban Health, to help address issues of inadequate health care delivery and was named Sports Illustrated magazine's Sportsman of the Year. He also spent much of the last years of his life writing his memoir Days of Grace, finishing the manuscript less than a week before his death. Ashe died of complications from AIDS on February 6, 1993. Personal Life Arthur married Jeanne Moutoussamy, on February 20, 1977. Jeanne was photographer whom Arthur had met four months earlier. Andrew Young, the U.S. ambassador to the United Nations, performed the ceremony at the U.N. chapel in New York. Arthur and Jeanne had one child together, a daughter, who was born on December 21, 1986. She was named Camera after her mother's profession. Camera was only five years old when Arthur died of AIDS. Civil Rights Leader Arthur, being the first African-American male to win a Grand Slam, was an active civil rights supporter. He was a member of a delegation of 31 prominent African-American's who visited South Africa to observe political change in the country as it approached racial intergration. He was arrested on January 11, 1985, for protesting outside the South African embassy in Washington D.C during an anti-apartheid rally. He was also arrested again on September 9, 1992, outside the White House for protesting on the recent crackdown on Haitian refugees. Quotes Honors 
Courtesy of: http://www.wikipedia.org/ |
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